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A quick Google search for “speed of sound in centimeters per microsecond” will say that it is 0.034 cm/µs. We have to convert the speed of sound into cm/µs in order to calculate the distance. What speed do we have? The speed of sound, of course! Its 340 m/s. Now let’s calculate how far the object from the sensor is. Suppose we have an object in front of the sensor at an unknown distance and we received a pulse of width 500 µS on the Echo pin. Let’s take an example to make it more clear. Thus a 38 mS pulse indicates no obstruction within the range of the sensor. In case, If those pulses are not reflected back then the Echo signal will timeout after 38 mS (38 milliseconds) and return low. Meanwhile the Echo pin goes HIGH to start forming the beginning of the echo-back signal. The eight ultrasonic pulses travel through the air away from the transmitter. This 8-pulse pattern makes the “ultrasonic signature” from the device unique, allowing the receiver to differentiate the transmitted pattern from the ambient ultrasonic noise. In response to that the sensor transmits a sonic burst of eight pulses at 40 KHz. It all starts, when a pulse of at least 10 µS (10 microseconds) in duration is applied to the Trigger pin. How Does HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Work?
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GND should be connected to the ground of Arduino. The length of the pulse is proportional to the time it took for the transmitted signal to be detected. Trig (Trigger) pin is used to trigger the ultrasonic sound pulses.Įcho pin produces a pulse when the reflected signal is received. VCC is the power supply for HC-SR04 Ultrasonic distance sensor which we connect the 5V pin on the Arduino.